This page explains the questionnaire and scoring rules behind the results. The test is an editorial self-reflection tool: it is not a validated psychological instrument, an election poll or a voting recommendation.
The questionnaire asks how closely you agree with statements about political trade-offs. It summarizes those answers across 12 topics, from the economy and authority to housing, technology and security. The axes are editorial categories chosen for this test; they are not a universal or exhaustive map of political thought.
A result describes the answers you gave to these statements. It does not establish your identity, explain every reason behind your views, or predict how you will vote. Two people with the same score can arrive at it for different reasons.
There are 48 statements: four assigned to each of the 12 axes. Within each axis, two statements are keyed toward one endpoint and two toward the other. This lets the calculation account for agreement with statements that point in opposite directions.
Statements currently appear in a fixed order, grouped by axis. They are not randomized. You answer one at a time and can go back to review earlier answers before completing the questionnaire.
| Response | Value |
|---|---|
| Strongly agree | +1 |
| Agree | +0.5 |
| Neutral / indifferent | 0 |
| Disagree | −0.5 |
| Strongly disagree | −1 |
Each statement also has a direction code of +1 or −1. The selected response value is multiplied by that code so that all four items on an axis point toward the same two endpoints. The sign alone is not a judgment of whether a view is good or bad.
For each statement, the app multiplies the response value by the statement’s direction code. It then takes the arithmetic mean of the four adjusted values assigned to that axis. Every statement has equal weight; there are no demographic adjustments or hidden weighting factors in this calculation.
Axis score = mean of the 4 adjusted answersThe axis score ranges from −1 to +1. The result screen converts it to a 0–100 display using (score + 1) × 50. A displayed 50 is the midpoint between that axis’s two defined endpoints; it does not mean that a person is politically average or has no opinions.
The short profile name is a rule-based description, not a separate test or a diagnosis. The app checks the following conditions in order and assigns the first matching label:
For PSOE, PP, VOX and Sumar, the app stores one fixed reference coordinate on each of the 12 axes. It calculates the straight-line distance between your 12 scores and each party reference, then converts that distance to a rounded 0–100 affinity score.
Affinity = round(clamp(100 × (1 − distance / √48), 0, 100))The score is useful as a prompt for reflection, but several limits matter when interpreting it:
No psychometric validation, reliability study, test–retest analysis or representative-sample study is published for this questionnaire. The scores should not be treated as a scientific measurement of a person’s ideology.
The topics, statements, endpoints and equal weighting reflect design decisions. Four statements cannot cover every meaning or real-world policy choice within an axis.
The statements are grouped by axis in a fixed sequence. Wording and question order can shape responses, and this version does not measure or correct for those effects.
People choose for themselves whether to take the test. Results from visitors cannot be used to estimate what Spain’s population or any electorate believes.
English and Spanish versions are available, but no formal study of cross-language measurement equivalence is published. Some phrases may carry different associations across languages or contexts.
The party reference coordinates are not linked here to dated manifesto passages or expert estimates. Party positions also vary by issue, territory, candidate and time.
The current implementation calculates scores in your browser from answers held in page state. The scoring flow does not send questionnaire answers to a scoring API. This describes the test calculation only; it is not a statement about every service involved in loading a website.
Use the axis breakdown to explore your own priorities, and consult current party programmes and other sources before making political or voting decisions.
These sources provide context about political-ideology research and survey design. They do not validate this questionnaire or its scores.
A review of research on how political beliefs are organized. It provides context for studying political views across more than one dimension; it does not validate this test.
Explains how wording, response options, question order and pretesting can affect survey responses. These are general survey-design considerations, not evidence that this questionnaire has been pretested.
Documents a 0–10 left–right self-placement question used in a separate survey. This test uses its own 12-axis editorial model.
Describes a separate, wave-based expert survey of party positions. The party coordinates in this test are not taken from CHES.
No validation or reliability study is published for this test. Treat it as an editorial self-reflection tool, not a scientific or clinical measurement.
Four statements contribute equally to each axis. Each response is adjusted by the direction assigned to its statement, and the four adjusted values are averaged.
No. They compare your answers with fixed, site-defined editorial coordinates. This version does not publish a source and date for each coordinate, so the scores are not official party ratings or a current policy audit.
No. The result describes similarity to the test’s reference coordinates. It is not a poll or voting recommendation; check current proposals and decide which issues matter most to you.
Take the questionnaire and review each axis alongside the overall profile label.